doi:10.1061/9780784414248

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ASCE/SEI 7-16

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

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TOC (ASCE/SEI 7-16)

Chapter 1 - General
- 1.1 - Scope
- 1.2 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 1.2.1 - Definitions.
  - 1.2.2 - Symbols.
- 1.3 - Basic Requirements
- 1.4 - General Structural Integrity
- 1.5 - Classification of Buildings and other Structures
- 1.6 - Additions and Alterations to Existing Structures
- 1.7 - Load Tests
- 1.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 2 - Combinations of Loads
- 2.1 - General
- 2.2 - Symbols
- 2.3 - Load Combinations for Strength Design
- 2.4 - Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design
- 2.5 - Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events
- 2.6 - Load Combinations for General Structural Integrity Loads
  - 2.6.1 - Strength Design Notional Load Combinations.
  - 2.6.2 - Allowable Stress Design Notional Load Combinations.
- 2.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 3 - Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure
- 3.1 - Dead Loads
- 3.2 - Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure
  - 3.2.1 - Lateral Pressures.
  - 3.2.2 - Uplift Loads on Floors and Foundations.
- 3.3 - CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
Chapter 4 - Live Loads
- 4.1 - Definitions
- 4.2 - Loads Not Specified
- 4.3 - Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
- 4.4 - Concentrated Live Loads
- 4.5 - Loads on Handrail, Guardrail, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Fixed Ladders
- 4.6 - Impact Loads
- 4.7 - Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
- 4.8 - Reduction in Roof Live Loads
- 4.9 - Crane Loads
- 4.10 - Garage Loads
  - 4.10.1 - Passenger Vehicle Garages.
  - 4.10.2 - Truck and Bus Garages.
- 4.11 - Helipad Loads
  - 4.11.1 - General.
  - 4.11.2 - Concentrated Helicopter Loads.
- 4.12 - Uninhabitable Attics
  - 4.12.1 - Uninhabitable Attics without Storage.
  - 4.12.2 - Uninhabitable Attics with Storage.
- 4.13 - Library Stack Rooms
- 4.14 - Seating for Assembly Uses
- 4.15 - Sidewalks, Vehicular Driveways, and Yards Subject to Trucking
  - 4.15.1 - Uniform Loads.
  - 4.15.2 - Concentrated Loads.
- 4.16 - Stair Treads
- 4.17 - Solar Panel Loads
- 4.18 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 5 - Flood Loads
- 5.1 - General
- 5.2 - Definitions
- 5.3 - Design Requirements
- 5.4 - Loads during Flooding
- 5.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Affiliated Criteria
Chapter 6 - Tsunami Loads and Effects
- 6.1 - General Requirements
  - 6.1.1 - Scope.
- 6.2 - Definitions
- 6.3 - Symbols and Notation
- 6.4 - Tsunami Risk Categories
- 6.5 - Analysis of Design Inundation Depth and Flow Velocity
- 6.6 - Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Runup
- 6.7 - Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Site-Specific Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis
- 6.8 - Structural Design Procedures for Tsunami Effects
- 6.9 - Hydrostatic Loads
- 6.10 - Hydrodynamic Loads
- 6.11 - Debris Impact Loads
- 6.12 - Foundation Design
- 6.13 - Structural Countermeasures for Tsunami Loading
  - 6.13.1 - Open Structures.
  - 6.13.2 - Tsunami Barriers.
    - 6.13.2.1 - Information on Existing Buildings and Other Structures to Be Protected.
    - 6.13.2.2 - Site Layout.
- 6.14 - Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Refuge Structures
- 6.15 - Designated Nonstructural Components and Systems
  - 6.15.1 - Performance Requirements.
- 6.16 - Nonbuilding Tsunami Risk Category Iii and Iv Structures
  - 6.16.1 - Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category III Nonbuilding Structures.
  - 6.16.2 - Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category IV Nonbuilding Structures.
- 6.17 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 7 - Snow Loads
- 7.1 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 7.1.1 - Definitions
  - 7.1.2 - Symbols
- 7.2 - Ground Snow Loads, pg
- 7.3 - Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf
- 7.4 - Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps
- 7.5 - Partial Loading
  - 7.5.1 - Continuous Beam Systems.
  - 7.5.2 - Other Structural Systems.
- 7.6 - Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
- 7.7 - Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade)
- 7.8 - Roof Projections and Parapets
- 7.9 - Sliding Snow
- 7.10 - Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load
- 7.11 - Ponding Instability
- 7.12 - Existing Roofs
- 7.13 - Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures
- 7.14 - Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
Chapter 8 - Rain Loads
- 8.1 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 8.1.1 - Definitions
  - 8.1.2 - Symbols
- 8.2 - Roof Drainage
- 8.3 - Design Rain Loads
- 8.4 - Ponding Instability and Ponding Load
- 8.5 - Controlled Drainage
- 8.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 9 - Reserved for Future Provisions
Chapter 10 - Ice Loads—Atmospheric Icing
- 10.1 - General
- 10.2 - Definitions
- 10.3 - Symbols
- 10.4 - Ice Loads Caused by Freezing Rain
- 10.5 - Wind on Ice-Covered Structures
- 10.6 - Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
- 10.7 - Partial Loading
- 10.8 - Design Procedure
- 10.9 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 11 - Seismic Design Criteria
- 11.1 - General
- 11.2 - Definitions
- 11.3 - Symbols
- 11.4 - Seismic Ground Motion Values
- 11.5 - Importance Factor and Risk Category
  - 11.5.1 - Importance Factor.
  - 11.5.2 - Protected Access for Risk Category IV.
- 11.6 - Seismic Design Category
- 11.7 - Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
- 11.8 - Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation
- 11.9 - Vertical Ground Motions For Seismic Design
- 11.10 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 12 - Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures
- 12.1 - Structural Design Basis
- 12.2 - Structural System Selection
- 12.3 - Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy
- 12.4 - Seismic Load Effects and Combinations
- 12.5 - Direction of Loading
- 12.6 - Analysis Procedure Selection
- 12.7 - Modeling Criteria
- 12.8 - Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure
- 12.9 - Linear Dynamic Analysis
  - 12.9.1 - Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
  - 12.9.2 - Linear Response History Analysis
- 12.10 - Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors
- 12.11 - Structural Walls and Their Anchorage
  - 12.11.1 - Design for Out-of-Plane Forces
  - 12.11.2 - Anchorage of Structural Walls and Transfer of Design Forces into Diaphragms or Other Supporting Structural Elements
    - 12.11.2.1 - Wall Anchorage Forces
    - 12.11.2.2 - Additional Requirements for Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Structural Walls to Diaphragms in Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Categories C through F
- 12.12 - Drift and Deformation
- 12.13 - Foundation Design
- 12.14 - Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing Wall or Building Frame Systems
- 12.15 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 13 - Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
- 13.1 - General
- 13.2 - General Design Requirements
- 13.3 - Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
- 13.4 - Nonstructural Component Anchorage
- 13.5 - ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS
- 13.6 - Mechanical and Electrical Components
- 13.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 14 - Material-Specific Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements
- 14.0 - Scope
- 14.1 - Steel
- 14.2 - Concrete
- 14.3 - Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
- 14.4 - Masonry
- 14.5 - Wood
  - 14.5.1 - Reference Documents.
- 14.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 15 - Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures
- 15.1 - General
- 15.2 - This Section intentionally left blank; see section 15.8
- 15.3 - Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures
- 15.4 - Structural Design Requirements
- 15.5 - Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
- 15.6 - General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures Not Similar to Buildings
- 15.7 - Tanks and Vessels
- 15.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 16 - Nonlinear Response History Analysis
- 16.1 - General Requirements
- 16.2 - Ground Motions
- 16.3 - Modeling and Analysis
- 16.4 - Analysis Results and Acceptance Criteria
  - 16.4.1 - Global Acceptance Criteria
    - 16.4.1.1 - Unacceptable Response.
    - 16.4.1.2 - Story Drift.
  - 16.4.2 - Element-Level Acceptance Criteria.
- 16.5 - Design Review
  - 16.5.1 - Reviewer Qualifications.
  - 16.5.2 - Review Scope.
- 16.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 17 - Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures
- 17.1 - General
  - 17.1.1 - Definitions.
  - 17.1.2 - Symbols.
- 17.2 - General Design Requirements
- 17.3 - Seismic Ground Motion Criteria
- 17.4 - Analysis Procedure Selection
  - 17.4.1 - Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure.
  - 17.4.2 - Dynamic Procedures.
    - 17.4.2.1 - Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure.
    - 17.4.2.2 - Response History Analysis Procedure.
- 17.5 - Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
- 17.6 - Dynamic Analysis Procedures
- 17.7 - Design Review
- 17.8 - Testing
- 17.9 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 18 - Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems
- 18.1 - General
- 18.2 - General Design Requirements
- 18.3 - Nonlinear Response History Procedure
- 18.4 - Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure
- 18.5 - Design Review
- 18.6 - Testing
  - 18.6.1 - Prototype Tests.
  - 18.6.2 - Production Tests.
- 18.7 - Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria
- 18.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 19 - Soil–Structure Interaction for Seismic Design
- 19.1 - General
- 19.2 - SSI Adjusted Structural Demands
- 19.3 - Foundation Damping Effects
- 19.4 - Kinematic SSI Effects
  - 19.4.1 - Base Slab Averaging.
  - 19.4.2 - Embedment.
- 19.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 20 - Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design
- 20.1 - Site Classification
- 20.2 - Site Response Analysis for Site class F Soil
- 20.3 - Site Class Definitions
- 20.4 - Definitions of Site Class Parameters
- 20.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 21 - Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design
- 21.1 - Site Response Analysis
- 21.2 - Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE_R) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis
- 21.3 - Design Response Spectrum
- 21.4 - Design Acceleration Parameters
- 21.5 - Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCE_G) Peak Ground Acceleration
- 21.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 22 - Seismic Ground Motion, Long-Period Transition, and Risk Coefficient Maps
- 22.0 - Maps
- References
- 22.1 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 23 - Seismic Design Reference Documents
- 23.1 - Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents
Chapter 24 - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 25 - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 26 - Wind Loads: General Requirements
- 26.1 - Procedures
  - 26.1.1 - Scope.
  - 26.1.2 - Permitted Procedures.
    - 26.1.2.1 - Main Wind Force Resisting System.
    - 26.1.2.2 - Components and Cladding.
- 26.2 - Definitions
- 26.3 - Symbols
- 26.4 - General
- 26.5 - Wind Hazard Map
- 26.6 - Wind Directionality
- 26.7 - Exposure
- 26.8 - Topographic Effects
  - 26.8.1 - Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments.
  - 26.8.2 - Topographic Factor.
- 26.9 - Ground Elevation Factor
- 26.10 - Velocity Pressure
  - 26.10.1 - Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient.
  - 26.10.2 - Velocity Pressure.
- 26.11 - Gust Effects
- 26.12 - Enclosure Classification
- 26.13 - Internal Pressure Coefficients
  - 26.13.1 - Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri.
- 26.14 - Tornado Limitation
- 26.15 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 27 - Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
- 27.1 - Scope
- Part 1: - Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and Open Buildings of All Heights
- 27.2 - General Requirements
  - 27.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26.
- 27.3 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- Part 2 - Enclosed Simple Diaphragm Buildings with h≤160 ft(h≤48.8 m)
- 27.4 - General Requirements
- 27.5 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 27.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 28 - Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure)
- 28.1 - Scope
- Part 1 - Enclosed and Partially Enclosed Low-Rise Buildings
- 28.2 - General Requirements
  - 28.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26.
- 28.3 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- Part 2 - Enclosed Simple Diaphragm Low-Rise Buildings
- 28.4 - General Requirements
  - 28.4.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26.
- 28.5 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 28.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 29 - Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
- 29.1 - Scope
- 29.2 - General Requirements
  - 29.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26.
- 29.3 - Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
  - 29.3.1 - Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Freestanding Signs.
  - 29.3.2 - Solid Attached Signs.
- 29.4 - Design Wind Loads: Other Structures
- 29.5 - Parapets
- 29.6 - Roof Overhangs
- 29.7 - Minimum Design Wind Loading
- 29.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 30 - Wind Loads: Components and Cladding
- 30.1 - Scope
  - 30.1.1 - Building Types.
  - 30.1.2 - Conditions.
  - 30.1.3 - Limitations.
  - 30.1.4 - Shielding.
  - 30.1.5 - Air-Permeable Cladding.
- 30.2 - General Requirements
  - 30.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26.
  - 30.2.2 - Minimum Design Wind Pressures.
  - 30.2.3 - Tributary Areas Greater than 700 ft2(65 m2).
  - 30.2.4 - External Pressure Coefficients.
- Part 1 - Low-Rise Buildings
- 30.3 - Building Types
  - 30.3.1 - Conditions.
  - 30.3.2 - Design Wind Pressures.
- Part 2 - Low-Rise Buildings (Simplified)
- 30.4 - Building Types
  - 30.4.1 - Conditions.
  - 30.4.2 - Design Wind Pressures.
- Part 3 - Buildings with h>60 ft(h>18.3 m)
- 30.5 - Building Types
  - 30.5.1 - Conditions.
  - 30.5.2 - Design Wind Pressures.
- Part 4 - Buildings with 60 ft<h≤160 ft(18.3 m<h≤48.8 m) (Simplified)
- 30.6 - Building Types
  - 30.6.1 - Wind Load: Components and Cladding
- Part 5 - Open Buildings
- 30.7 - Building Types
  - 30.7.1 - Conditions.
  - 30.7.2 - Design Wind Pressures.
- Part 6 - Building Appurtenances and Rooftop Structures and Equipment
- 30.8 - Parapets
- 30.9 - Roof Overhangs
- 30.10 - Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
- 30.11 - Attached Canopies on Buildings with h≤60 ft(h≤18.3 m)
- Part 7 - Nonbuilding Structures
- 30.12 - Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h≤120 ft(h≤36.6 m)
  - 30.12.1 - Design Wind Pressure.
  - 30.12.2 - External Walls of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks.
  - 30.12.3 - Internal Surface of Exterior Walls of Isolated Open-Topped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks.
  - 30.12.4 - Roofs of Isolated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks.
  - 30.12.5 - Undersides of Isolated Elevated Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks.
  - 30.12.6 - Roofs and Walls of Grouped Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks.
- 30.13 - Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of All Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less than 7°
- 30.14 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 31 - Wind Tunnel Procedure
- 31.1 - Scope
- 31.2 - Test Conditions
- 31.3 - Dynamic Response
- 31.4 - Load Effects
- 31.5 - Wind-Borne Debris
- 31.6 - Roof-Mounted Solar Collectors for Roof Slopes Less than 7 Degrees
  - 31.6.1 - Wind Tunnel Test Requirements
    - 31.6.1.1 - Limitations on Wind Loads for Rooftop Solar Collectors.
    - 31.6.1.2 - Peer Review Requirements for Wind Tunnel Tests of Roof-Mounted Solar Collectors.
- 31.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Appendix 11A - Quality Assurance Provisions
Appendix 11B - Existing Building Provisions
- 11B.1 - Scope
- 11B.2 - Structurally Independent Additions
- 11B.3 - Structurally Dependent Additions
- 11B.4 - Alterations
- 11B.5 - Change of Use
Appendix C - Serviceability Considerations
- C.1 - Serviceability Considerations
- C.2 - Deflection, Drift, and Vibration
- C.3 - Design for Long-Term Deflection
- C.4 - Camber
- C.5 - Expansion and Contraction
- C.6 - Durability
Appendix D - Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases
- D.1 - Scope
- D.2 - One- and Two-Story Buildings Meeting the Following Requirements
- D.3 - Buildings Controlled by Seismic Loading
  - D.3.1 - Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Not Flexible.
  - D.3.2 - Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Flexible.
- D.4 - Buildings Classified as Torsionally Regular under Wind Load
- D.5 - Buildings with Diaphragms That Are Flexible and Designed for Increased Wind Loading
- D.6 - Class 1 and Class 2 Simple Diaphragm Buildings h ≤ 160 ft(48.8 m) Meeting the Following Requirements (Refer to Section 27.5.2)
Appendix E - Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures
- E.1 - Scope
- E.2 - Definitions
- E.3 - General Requirements
- E.4 - Performance Objectives
  - E.4.1 - Structural Integrity.
  - E.4.2 - Project-Specific Performance Objectives.
- E.5 - Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects
- E.6 - Structural Analysis of Fire Effects

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ASCE/SEI 7-16

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

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TOC (ASCE/SEI 7-16)

Provisions

Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures

Commentary

Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures