doi:10.1061/9780784415788

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ASCE/SEI 7-22

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

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TOC (ASCE/SEI 7-22)

Chapter 1 - General
- 1.1 - Scope
- 1.2 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 1.2.1 - Definitions
  - 1.2.2 - Symbols
- 1.3 - Basic Requirements
- 1.4 - General Structural Integrity
- 1.5 - Classification of Buildings and Other Structures
- 1.6 - In Situ Load Tests
  - 1.6.1 - Load Test Procedure Specified Elsewhere
  - 1.6.2 - Load Test Procedure Not Specified Elsewhere
- 1.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 2 - Combinations of Loads
- 2.1 - General
- 2.2 - Symbols
- 2.3 - Load Combinations for Strength Design
- 2.4 - Load Combinations for Allowable Stress Design
- 2.5 - Load Combinations for Extraordinary Events
- 2.6 - Load Combinations for General Structural Integrity Loads
  - 2.6.1 - Strength Design Notional Load Combinations
  - 2.6.2 - Allowable Stress Design Notional Load Combinations
- 2.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 3 - Dead Loads, Soil Loads, and Hydrostatic Pressure
- 3.1 - Dead Loads
- 3.2 - Soil Loads and Hydrostatic Pressure
  - 3.2.1 - Lateral Pressures
  - 3.2.2 - Uplift Loads on Floors and Foundations
- 3.3 - Alternative Method for Loads from Water in Soil
- 3.4 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 4 - Live Loads
- 4.1 - Definitions
- 4.2 - Loads Not Specified
- 4.3 - Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
- 4.4 - Concentrated Live Loads
- 4.5 - Loads on Handrail, Guard, Grab Bar, and Vehicle Barrier Systems, and on Shower Seats and Fixed Ladders
- 4.6 - Impact Loads
- 4.7 - Reduction in Uniform Live Loads
- 4.8 - Reduction in Uniform Roof Live Loads
- 4.9 - Crane Loads
- 4.10 - Garage and Vehicular Floor Loads
- 4.11 - Helipad Loads
  - 4.11.1 - General
  - 4.11.2 - Concentrated Helicopter Loads
- 4.12 - Uninhabitable Attics
  - 4.12.1 - Uninhabitable Attics without Storage
  - 4.12.2 - Uninhabitable Attics with Storage
- 4.13 - Library Stack Rooms
- 4.14 - Seating for Assembly Uses
- 4.15 - Stair Treads
- 4.16 - Solar Panel Loads
- 4.17 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 5 - Flood Loads
- 5.1 - General
- 5.2 - Definitions
- 5.3 - Design Requirements
- 5.4 - Loads during Flooding
- 5.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 6 - Tsunami Loads and Effects
- 6.1 - General Requirements
  - 6.1.1 - Scope
- 6.2 - Definitions
- 6.3 - Symbols and Notation
- 6.4 - Tsunami Risk Categories
- 6.5 - Analysis of Design Inundation Depth and Flow Velocity
- 6.6 - Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Runup
- 6.7 - Inundation Depths and Flow Velocities Based on Site-Specific Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis
- 6.8 - Structural Design Procedures for Tsunami Effects
- 6.9 - Hydrostatic Loads
- 6.10 - Hydrodynamic Loads
- 6.11 - Debris Impact Loads
- 6.12 - Foundation Design
- 6.13 - Structural Countermeasures for Tsunami Loading
  - 6.13.1 - Open Structures
  - 6.13.2 - Tsunami Barriers
    - 6.13.2.1 - Information on Existing Buildings and Other Structures to Be Protected
    - 6.13.2.2 - Site Layout
- 6.14 - Tsunami Vertical Evacuation Refuge Structures
- 6.15 - Designated Nonstructural Components and Systems
  - 6.15.1 - Performance Requirements
- 6.16 - Nonbuilding Tsunami Risk Category III and IV Structures
  - 6.16.1 - Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category III Nonbuilding Structures
  - 6.16.2 - Requirements for Tsunami Risk Category IV Nonbuilding Structures
- 6.17 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 7 - Snow Loads
- 7.1 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 7.1.1 - Definitions
  - 7.1.2 - Symbols
- 7.2 - Ground Snow Loads, pg
- 7.3 - Flat Roof Snow Loads, pf
- 7.4 - Sloped Roof Snow Loads, ps
- 7.5 - Partial Loading
  - 7.5.1 - Continuous Beam Systems
  - 7.5.2 - Other Structural Systems
- 7.6 - Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
- 7.7 - Drifts on Lower Roofs (Aerodynamic Shade)
- 7.8 - Roof Projections and Parapets
- 7.9 - Sliding Snow
- 7.10 - Rain-On-Snow Surcharge Load
- 7.11 - Ponding Instability
- 7.12 - Existing Roofs
- 7.13 - Snow on Open-Frame Equipment Structures
- 7.14 - Alternate Procedure
  - 7.14.1 - Limitations on Snow Loads Derived from Scale Model Studies
  - 7.14.2 - Consideration of Thermal Performance in Model Studies
- 7.15 - Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
Chapter 8 - Rain Loads
- 8.1 - Definitions and Symbols
  - 8.1.1 - Definitions
  - 8.1.2 - Symbols
- 8.2 - Design Rain Loads
- 8.3 - Bays with Low Slope
- 8.4 - Drainage to Existing Roofs
- 8.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 9 - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 10 - Ice Loads—Atmospheric Icing
- 10.1 - General
- 10.2 - Definitions
- 10.3 - Symbols
- 10.4 - Ice Loads Caused By Freezing Rain
- 10.5 - Wind on Ice-Covered Structures
- 10.6 - Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain
- 10.7 - Partial Loading
- 10.8 - Design Procedure
- 10.9 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 11 - Seismic Design Criteria
- 11.1 - General
- 11.2 - Definitions
- 11.3 - Symbols
- 11.4 - Seismic Ground Motion Values
- 11.5 - Importance Factor and Risk Category
  - 11.5.1 - Importance Factor
  - 11.5.2 - Protected Access for Risk Category IV
- 11.6 - Seismic Design Category
- 11.7 - Design Requirements for Seismic Design Category A
- 11.8 - Geologic Hazards and Geotechnical Investigation
- 11.9 - Vertical Ground Motions for Seismic Design
- 11.10 - Consensus Standards and other Referenced Documents
Chapter 12 - Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures
- 12.1 - Structural Design Basis
- 12.2 - Structural System Selection
- 12.3 - Diaphragm Flexibility, Configuration Irregularities, and Redundancy
- 12.4 - Seismic Load Effects and Combinations
- 12.5 - Direction of Loading
- 12.6 - Analysis Procedure Selection
- 12.7 - Modeling Criteria
- 12.8 - Equivalent Lateral Force (ELF) Procedure
- 12.9 - Linear Dynamic Analysis
  - 12.9.1 - Modal Response Spectrum Analysis
  - 12.9.2 - Linear Response History Analysis
- 12.10 - Diaphragms, Chords, and Collectors
- 12.11 - Structural Walls and Their Anchorage
  - 12.11.1 - Design for Out-of-Plane Forces
  - 12.11.2 - Anchorage of Structural Walls and Transfer of Design Forces into Diaphragms or Other Supporting Structural Elements
    - 12.11.2.1 - Wall Anchorage Forces
    - 12.11.2.2 - Additional Requirements for Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Structural Walls to Diaphragms in Structures Assigned to Seismic Design Categories C through F
- 12.12 - Drift and Deformation
- 12.13 - Foundation Design
- 12.14 - Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria for Simple Bearing Wall or Building Frame Systems
- 12.15 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 13 - Seismic Design Requirements for Nonstructural Components
- 13.1 - General
- 13.2 - General Design Requirements
- 13.3 - Seismic Demands on Nonstructural Components
- 13.4 - Nonstructral Component Anchorage and Attachment
- 13.5 - Architectural Components
- 13.6 - Mechanical and Electrical Components
- 13.7 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 14 - Material-Specific Seismic Design and Detailing Requirements
- 14.0 - Scope
- 14.1 - Steel
- 14.2 - Concrete
  - 14.2.1 - Reference Documents
  - 14.2.2 - Modifications to ACI 318
- 14.3 - Composite Steel and Concrete Structures
- 14.4 - Masonry
- 14.5 - Wood
  - 14.5.1 - Reference Documents
- 14.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 15 - Seismic Design Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures
- 15.1 - General
- 15.2 - Nonbuilding Structures Connected by Nonstructural Components to other Adjacent Structures
  - 15.2.1 - General
  - 15.2.2 - Nonstructural Components Spanning between Nonbuilding Structures
- 15.3 - Nonbuilding Structures Supported by Other Structures
- 15.4 - Structural Design Requirements
- 15.5 - Nonbuilding Structures Similar to Buildings
- 15.6 - General Requirements for Nonbuilding Structures not Similar to Buildings
- 15.7 - Tanks and Vessels
- 15.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 16 - Nonlinear Response History Analysis
- 16.1 - General Requirements
- 16.2 - Ground Motions
- 16.3 - Modeling and Analysis
- 16.4 - Analysis Results and Acceptance Criteria
  - 16.4.1 - Global Acceptance Criteria
  - 16.4.2 - Element-Level Acceptance Criteria
- 16.5 - Design Review
  - 16.5.1 - Reviewer Qualifications
  - 16.5.2 - Review Scope
- 16.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 17 - Seismic Design Requirements for Seismically Isolated Structures
- 17.1 - General
  - 17.1.1 - Definitions
  - 17.1.2 - Symbols
- 17.2 - General Design Requirements
- 17.3 - Seismic Hazard
  - 17.3.1 - Spectral Response Acceleration Parameters and Response Spectrum
  - 17.3.2 - Ground Motions for Response History Analysis
- 17.4 - Analysis Procedure Selection
  - 17.4.1 - Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
  - 17.4.2 - Dynamic Procedures
    - 17.4.2.1 - Response Spectrum Analysis Procedure
    - 17.4.2.2 - Response History Analysis Procedure
- 17.5 - Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
- 17.6 - Dynamic Analysis Procedures
- 17.7 - Design Review
- 17.8 - Testing
- 17.9 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 18 - Seismic Design Requirements for Structures with Damping Systems
- 18.1 - General
- 18.2 - General Design Requirements
- 18.3 - Nonlinear Response History Procedure
- 18.4 - Seismic Load Conditions and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Response History Procedure
- 18.5 - Design Review
- 18.6 - Testing
- 18.7 - Alternate Procedures and Corresponding Acceptance Criteria
- 18.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 19 - Soil–Structure Interaction for Seismic Design
- 19.1 - General
- 19.2 - SSI Adjusted Structural Demands
- 19.3 - Foundation Damping Effects
- 19.4 - Base Slab Averaging and Embedment (Kinematic) SSI Effects
  - 19.4.1 - Base Slab Averaging
  - 19.4.2 - Embedment
- 19.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 20 - Site Classification Procedure for Seismic Design
- 20.1 - Site Classification
- 20.2 - Site Class Definitions
- 20.3 - Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity Profiles
- 20.4 - Definitions of Site Class Parameters
  - 20.4.1 - v¯s, Average Shear Wave Velocity
- 20.5 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 21 - Site-Specific Ground Motion Procedures for Seismic Design
- 21.1 - Site Response Analysis
- 21.2 - Risk-Targeted Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE_R) Ground Motion Hazard Analysis
- 21.3 - Design Response Spectrum
- 21.4 - Design Acceleration Parameters
- 21.5 - Maximum Considered Earthquake Geometric Mean (MCE_G) Peak Ground Acceleration
- 21.6 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 22 - Seismic Ground Motion and Long-Period Transition Maps
- Maps
- 22.1 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 23 - Seismic Design Reference Documents
- 23.1 - Consensus Standards and Other Reference Documents
Chapter 24 - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 25 - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
Chapter 26 - Wind Loads: General Requirements
- 26.1 - Procedures
- 26.2 - Definitions
- 26.3 - Symbols
- 26.4 - General
- 26.5 - Wind Hazard Map
- 26.6 - Wind Directionality Factor
- 26.7 - Exposure
- 26.8 - Topographic Effects
  - 26.8.1 - Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments
  - 26.8.2 - Topographic Factor
- 26.9 - Ground Elevation Factor
- 26.10 - Velocity Pressure
  - 26.10.1 - Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
  - 26.10.2 - Velocity Pressure
- 26.11 - Gust Effects
- 26.12 - Enclosure Classification
- 26.13 - Internal Pressure Coefficients
  - 26.13.1 - Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, Ri
- 26.14 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 27 - Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
- 27.1 - Scope
- 27.2 - General Requirements
  - 27.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
- 27.3 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 27.4 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 28 - Wind Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Envelope Procedure)
- 28.1 - Scope
- 28.2 - General Requirements
  - 28.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
- 28.3 - Wind Loads: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 28.4 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 29 - Wind Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System (Directional Procedure)
- 29.1 - Scope
- 29.2 - General Requirements
  - 29.2.1 - Wind Load Parameters Specified in Chapter 26
- 29.3 - Design Wind Loads: Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Signs
  - 29.3.1 - Solid Freestanding Walls and Solid Freestanding Signs
  - 29.3.2 - Solid Attached Signs
- 29.4 - Design Wind Loads: Other Structures
- 29.5 - Parapets
- 29.6 - Roof Overhangs
- 29.7 - Minimum Design Wind Loading
- 29.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 30 - Wind Loads: Components and Cladding
- 30.1 - Scope
- 30.2 - General Requirements
- PART 1 - LOW-RISE BUILDINGS
- 30.3 - Building Types
  - 30.3.1 - Conditions
  - 30.3.2 - Design Wind Pressures
    - 30.3.2.1 - Bottom Horizontal Surface of Elevated Buildings.
- PART 2 - BUILDINGS WITH h > 60 ft [(h > 18.3 m)]
- 30.4 - Building Types
  - 30.4.1 - Conditions
  - 30.4.2 - Design Wind Pressures
    - 30.4.2.1 - Bottom Horizontal Surface of Elevated Buildings
- PART 3 - OPEN BUILDINGS
- 30.5 - Building Types
  - 30.5.1 - Conditions
  - 30.5.2 - Design Wind Pressures
- PART 4 - BUILDING APPURTENANCES, ROOFTOP STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT
- 30.6 - Parapets
- 30.7 - Roof Overhangs
- 30.8 - Rooftop Structures and Equipment for Buildings
- 30.9 - Attached Canopies on Buildings
- PART 5 - NONBUILDING STRUCTURES
- 30.10 - Circular Bins, Silos, and Tanks with h≤120ft(h≤36.6m)
- 30.11 - Rooftop Solar Panels for Buildings of all Heights with Flat Roofs or Gable or Hip Roofs with Slopes Less Than 7 Degrees
- 30.12 - Roof Pavers for Buildings of all Heights with Roof Slopes Less Than or Equal to 7 Degrees
- 30.13 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 31 - Wind Tunnel Procedure
- 31.1 - Scope
- 31.2 - Test Conditions
- 31.3 - Dynamic Response
- 31.4 - Site Specific Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components
- 31.5 - Load Effects for Buildings, Other Structures, and Components Used at Multiple Sites
- 31.6 - Peer Review Requirement for Wind Tunnel Tests
- 31.7 - Wind-Borne Debris
- 31.8 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
Chapter 32 - Tornado Loads
- 32.1 - Procedures
- 32.2 - Definitions
- 32.3 - Symbols and Notation
- 32.4 - General
  - 32.4.1 - Sign Convention
  - 32.4.2 - Critical Load Condition
- 32.5 - Tornado Hazard Maps
- 32.6 - Tornado Directionality Factor
- 32.7 - Tornado Exposure
- 32.8 - Topographic Factor
- 32.9 - Ground Elevation Factor
- 32.10 - Tornado Velocity Pressure
  - 32.10.1 - Tornado Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient
  - 32.10.2 - Tornado Velocity Pressure
- 32.11 - Tornado Gust Effects
  - 32.11.1 - Tornado Gust-Effect Factor
  - 32.11.2 - Limitations
- 32.12 - Tornado Enclosure Classification
- 32.13 - Tornado Internal Pressure Coefficients
  - 32.13.1 - Reduction Factor for Large-Volume Buildings, R_i
- 32.14 - Tornado External Pressure Coefficients
- 32.15 - Tornado Loads on Buildings: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 32.16 - Tornado Loads on Building Appurtenances and Other Structures: Main Wind Force Resisting System
- 32.17 - Tornado Loads: Components and Cladding
- 32.18 - Tornado Loads: Wind Tunnel Procedure
- 32.19 - Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents
APPENDIX A - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
APPENDIX B - RESERVED FOR FUTURE PROVISIONS
APPENDIX C - Serviceability Considerations
- C.1 - Serviceability Considerations
- C.2 - Deflection, Drift, and Vibration
- C.3 - Design for Long-Term Deflection
- C.4 - Camber
- C.5 - Expansion and Contraction
- C.6 - Durability
APPENDIX D - Buildings Exempted from Torsional Wind Load Cases
- D.1 - Scope
- D.2 - One- and Two-Story Buildings Meeting the Following Requirements
- D.3 - Buildings Controlled by Seismic Loading
  - D.3.1 - Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Not Flexible
  - D.3.2 - Buildings with Diaphragms at Each Level That Are Flexible
- D.4 - Buildings Classified as Torsionally Regular Under Wind Load
- D.5 - Buildings with Diaphragms that are Flexible and Designed for Increased Wind Loading
APPENDIX E - Performance-Based Design Procedures for Fire Effects on Structures
- E.1 - Scope
- E.2 - Definitions
- E.3 - General Requirements
- E.4 - Performance Objectives
  - E.4.1 - Structural Integrity
  - E.4.2 - Project-Specific Performance Objectives
- E.5 - Thermal Analysis of Fire Effects
- E.6 - Structural Analysis of Fire Effects
APPENDIX F - Wind Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
- F.1 - Scope
- F.2 - Wind Speeds
APPENDIX G - Tornado Hazard Maps for Long Return Periods
- G.1 - Scope
- G.2 - Tornado Speeds

Provisions

Commentary

Ice Loads—Atmospheric Icing

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ASCE/SEI 7-22

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

10.1.1 Site-Specific Studies

10.1.3 Exclusions

10.2 Definitions

10.3 Symbols

10.4.1 Ice Load

10.4.2 Nominal Ice Thickness

10.4.4 Topographic Factor

10.5 Wind on Ice-Covered Structures

10.5.1 Wind on Ice-Covered Chimneys, Tanks, and Similar Structures

10.6 Design Temperatures for Freezing Rain

10.7 Partial Loading

10.8 Design Procedure

10.9 Consensus Standards and Other Referenced Documents

TOC (ASCE/SEI 7-22)

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Ice Loads—Atmospheric Icing

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Commentary

Ice Loads - Atmospheric Icing

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ASCE/SEI 7-22

Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures

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TOC (ASCE/SEI 7-22)

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Ice Loads—Atmospheric Icing

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Commentary

Ice Loads - Atmospheric Icing

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